A comprehensive Polish study involving over 1,000 consumers has revealed that nutrition knowledge—not demographics like age, income, or education—is the strongest predictor of food label reading behavior across four distinct contexts: front-of-package scanning in stores, detailed back-of-package ingredient checking during purchase, product review at home, and thorough nutritional examination after shopping. The research demonstrates that psychographic factors, particularly attitudes toward health and nutrition, far outweigh traditional demographic predictors, with consumers who purchase organic food, use dietary supplements, and prioritize fat content information being significantly more likely to read labels consistently. Most importantly, the study found that perceived credibility of label information strongly correlates with reading behavior, suggesting that increasing food label use requires building nutrition literacy and trust rather than simply making labels more attractive—a finding that highlights the need for education programs, transparent industry practices, and technology solutions that make nutrition information more accessible and actionable for the 71 million Americans who already read labels but struggle with comprehension.